CONJUNCTIONS
Or connector
or a conjunction or conjunctive is a word used to connect / combine the word
with another word, phrase with another phrase, or clause to another clause.
There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative
conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.
1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Conjuctions
is
used to
combine
the
word with
another
word,
phrase
by
phrase
combines
the
other, or
sentences
with
other
sentences.
Linked
by the conjunction
of
this type
should
be a similar
sentence
elements,
for
example: subject
+
subject,
verb
phrase
+
verb
phrase,
sentence
+
sentence.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. To make it easier to remember trying to use this acronym: Fanboys; F for for, A for and, N for Minor, and so on.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. To make it easier to remember trying to use this acronym: Fanboys; F for for, A for and, N for Minor, and so on.
Example
- The boy keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in the dark. (The boy left the light on because he was afraid to sleep in the dark)
- He has one good dictionary and at least 3 good English books. (He's got a good dictionary and at least three good books in English
- She is a vegetarian. She will not eat beef, nor will she eat chicken. (He's a vegetarian. He will not eat beef, he also will not eat chicken)
- She is cute but evil. (She was beautiful but evil).
- Do you want to go with me or to stay home? (Do you want to join me or stay home).
2. Paired conjunctions/Correlative
conjunctions
Conjunctions
also
incorporates elements of
the
sentence as above.
The
difference is
always
used
in
pairs.
|
both…and
|
either…or
|
|
not
only…but also
|
neither…nor
|
Example:
- Both my sister and my brother can play the guitar. My sister and my brother can both play the guitar).
2. He is not only handsome but also
smart. (He is not only gorgeous but also smart). Note: if not only placed at
the beginning of a sentence, do the inversion of the auxiliary / be / do, does,
did the next subject of the sentence. So this phrase can also be written: Not
only is he handsome but also smart.
- Either the students or the teacher is going to go to the museum tomorrow. (Both students and teachers will go to the museum tomorrow).
- Neither John, Sussie nor I have a good studying habits. (Both John, Sussie and I do not have good study habits). Perhaps, learning only if there is a test
3). Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating
conjuctions
are
words that can be
used
to
form adverbial
clause
(which
is generally a clause
/
subordinate
clause)
of
the principal
sentence
(main
clause).
The
number of conjunctions
of
this type
are
very numerous and
in
general are
adverbs.
The
conjunction of this
type
can
be grouped into 5,
which
states that
the
conjunction of time
(time),
causal
(cause
and
effect),
opposite
meanings
(Opposition),
goals
(purpose),
and
conditional
(conditional).
A.
Used to denote the time (time).
|
TIME
|
||
|
after
(setelah)
|
till
(hingga/sampai)
|
the first
time (pertama kali)
|
|
before
(sebelum)
|
as soon as
(segera setelah)
|
the second
time (kedua kali)
|
|
when
(ketika)
|
once
(segera setelah)
|
the last
time (terakhir kali)
|
|
while
(sementara)
|
as long as
(sepanjang)
|
the next
time (kali berikut)
|
|
as
(sementara)
|
so long as
(sepanjang)
|
by the
time
|
|
since
(sejak)
|
whenever
(setiap kali)
|
|
|
until
(hingga/sampai)
|
every time
(setiap kali)
|
|
Example:
- We will play football after we finish doing the homework. (We will play ball after we finished doing homework).
- Before They got married last month, They had been seeing each other for almost ten years. (Before they were married last month, they have been dating for almost 10 years).
3.
When I
got
home
last
night,
someone
was
Trying
to
break
into
my
house.
(When
I got
home last night,
someone
is trying to break
into my
house).
Note:
Break
into
=
go
is
usually as
mean-spirited,
ie
like
stealing,
ect.)
B.
Used to express
causality
(cause-effect).
|
CAUSE OF
|
||
|
because
(karena)
|
inasmuch
as (karena)
|
so…that
(sehingga)
|
|
since
(karena)
|
now that
(karena sekarang)
|
such …that
(sehingga)
|
|
as
(karena)
|
||
Example:
- Because he got an accident he drove while he was drunk. (He had an accident because he was driving while intoxicated).
- That I passed the course easily since the questions were very easy. (I passed the course with ease as a matter-because very easy).
- Now that the half is finished, I am going to rest for a few days and then take a trip to Bali. (Because now the semester is over, I will be resting for a few days later a trip to Bali).
C. To
express
the
opposite meaning
(Opposition).
|
meaning
the
opposite.
|
||
|
although
(walaupun
|
even
though (walaupun)
|
while
(sedangkan)
|
|
though
(walaupun)
|
whereas
(sedangkan)
|
no matter
(tidak memandang)
|
Example:
- Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball player. (Although he was not tall, he's a football player who was great volleyball).
- Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor. (Richer while the poor Jenny Joni).
- No matter how hard I tried, the math problems couldn’t be solved. (Not looked at how hard I try, math problems that can not be resolved / completed).
D. To
state the purpose
(purpose).
|
purpose
|
||
|
in order
to (agar)
|
in order
(that) (agar)
|
so that
(agar)
|
Example:
- During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be able to listen to what the teacher says.
- I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study well.
E. To
state the assumption
(conditional).
Example:
1. If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends
to come over. (if my parents
are
not home,
I
will
invite
my
friends to come
to
the house).
Exercise
2. Things were different _____
I was young.
Answer : Things were different when
I was young
3. I do it _____ I like it.
Answer : I do it because I
like it
4. Let us wait here _____ the
rain stops.
Answer : Let us wait here until
the rain stops.
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